• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for testing a dressable grinding worm, with the method steps: - providing a dressable grinding worm (2) in a machine tool (20), - the grinding worm (2) having at least one worm gear, and - the machine tool (20) having a dressing tool (22) for dressing the grinding worm (2); - traversing a gear head (18) of the worm gear in contact with an area of the dressing tool (22); - Measuring and evaluating at least one signal during the movement of the gear head (18) which is characteristic of the contact between the dressing tool (22) and the gear head (18) of the worm gear, such as a contact force, a displacement, a structure-borne noise, a power consumption of a drive or similar.
    公开号:CH715646A2
    申请号:CH01549/19
    申请日:2019-12-05
    公开日:2020-06-15
    发明作者:Schweizer Martin；Amboni Sergej
    申请人:Klingelnberg Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a method for testing a dressable grinding worm.
    Grinding worms are used in particular for the fine machining of metallic workpieces with a cyclically symmetrical outer contour, such as gears or the like. In order to achieve high machining accuracy through grinding, it is crucial that the profile-giving areas of the grinding worm are undamaged and that the basic geometry of the grinding worm, e.g. the number of gears or the gear direction, which corresponds to the target specifications for the workpiece to be ground.
    For example, Damage to the grinding worm may result from transporting or installing the grinding worm. When installed on the machine tool, the grinding worm can be damaged by operator or machine errors during setup. The grinding worm can be damaged by overloading during grinding.
    Common to all of the aforementioned cases in which there is damage to the profiling regions of the grinding worm is that usually a flight head of a worm gear of the grinding worm is interrupted at at least one point. The gearhead forms the outer diameter of a grinding worm and, on the one hand, forms a mechanical weak point as a result of increased loads during grinding work and, on the other hand, is a frequently affected collision structure due to the exposed position in the event of an operator or machine error. As far as there is damage to the profile-giving areas, the flight head of a worm gear of the grinding worm is usually affected.
    Furthermore, operator errors can occur during the assembly of the grinding worm. It can happen that the number of gears or the direction of gear entered by the operator are incorrect and do not match the grinding worm actually installed.
    Insofar as grinding processing is started despite the presence of one of the above errors, damage to the machine tool and the grinding worm as well as the production of reject parts can occur.
    It is known to check the contact between the dressing roller and the grinding worm during the dressing process of the grinding worm in order to detect damage to the grinding worm.
    However, it is disadvantageous that damage to a worm thread often occurs locally and does not extend over the entire thread height, so that the contact between the dressing roller and the grinding path does not break off completely. Local outbreaks in the area of a flight head of the grinding worm cannot be reliably detected. However, this damage in the area of the gearhead leads to significant quality losses in the subsequent grinding of the workpieces to be manufactured.
    Against this background, the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method which partially or completely solves the challenge described above. The technical problem described above is solved by a method according to claim 1. Further developments of the invention result from the dependent claims and the description below.
    [0010] According to a first aspect, the invention relates to methods for testing a dressable grinding worm, with the method steps:<tb> - <SEP> providing a dressable grinding worm in a machine tool,<tb> <SEP> - <SEP> where the grinding worm has at least one worm gear and<tb> <SEP> - <SEP>, the machine tool having a dressing tool for dressing the grinding worm;<tb> - <SEP> traversing a gear head of the worm gear in contact with an area of the dressing tool;<tb> - <SEP> Measuring and evaluating at least one signal during the movement of the gearhead, which is characteristic of the contact between the dressing tool and the gearhead of the worm gear, such as a contact force, a displacement, a structure-borne noise, a power consumption of a drive or the like .
    The dressing tool is therefore used in particular as a touch or test device to check the quality of the grinding worm.
    [0012] The gear head of the worm gear can therefore in particular be continuously scanned or scanned with the aid of the dressing tool and thus checked for damage. Furthermore, the movement of the gear head enables detection of an incorrect number of gear or gear direction of the grinding worm.
    With the aid of the method according to the invention, an efficient check of the grinding worm can therefore be implemented, in particular on existing grinding machines, since no additional measuring device for checking the grinding worm according to the invention is required.
    It can be provided that the movement of the gear head of the worm gear takes place in contact with an outside diameter area of the dressing tool. The scanning or traversing of the gear head can be carried out within the machine tool using simple axis kinematics.
    Alternatively, it can be provided that the movement of the gear head of the worm gear takes place in contact with a flank-side region of the dressing tool which is adjacent to the outer diameter-side region of the dressing tool. Thus, the dressing tool can be pivoted relative to the gear head and brought into abutment with it in such a way that a flank of the dressing tool provided for dressing a flank of the worm gear is used for traversing or scanning the gear head of the worm gear of the grinding worm.
    If, for example, a toothing is to be ground using the grinding worm, the desired geometry of the grinding worm-associated grinding worm can be stored in a control of the machine tool or entered manually. In the process step “traversing the flight head”, an area of the dressing tool, in particular an area of the dressing tool on the outside diameter, is brought into contact with the flight head of the worm gear of the grinding worm and then travels a predetermined nominal helical path of the gear head of the worm gear of the grinding worm.
    It can be provided that the evaluation of at least one signal comprises a comparison of the signal with a reference signal.
    As far as the grinding worm meets the predetermined target geometry, there is essentially continuous contact with the outside diameter of the dressing tool when the helical path of the worm gear travels, so that the measured signal is within a predetermined target range around the reference value or the reference signal located.
    Alternatively, it can be provided that the measured signal is evaluated without a predetermined reference signal being available as a comparison value. For example, a measured signal can be evaluated internally in the machine or on an external computer and e.g. be examined for local maxima, minima or signal interruptions.
    If the gear head has cutouts or if the contact between the dressing tool and the gear head is interrupted, there is an abrupt change or an interruption of the characteristic signal.
    Thus, a complete loss of contact of the dressing tool to the gear head along the predetermined desired helical path of the gear head of the worm gear of the grinding worm indicates an incorrect number of threads or direction of the grinding worm.
    Sudden changes in the characteristic signal indicate that the dressing roller has run over an outbreak or damage to the gear head.
    If we speak of the flight head of the worm gear in the present case, it is an outer diameter-side part of the profile of the worm gear that connects a left and right profile flank of the profile of the worm gear on the outer diameter side.
    [0024] According to an embodiment of the method, it can be provided in particular that the steps shutdown, measuring and comparing,<tb> - <SEP> the number of flights of the grinding worm,<tb> - <SEP> the direction of the grinding worm and<tb> - <SEP> the integrity of the flight head of the worm gear of the grinding worm can be checked automatically.
    Within a machine tool, in addition to the conventional monitoring of the dressing process, the method according to the invention can also be used in an automated manner in order to avoid or recognize the errors mentioned at the outset, which frequently occur in practice.
    It can be provided that the movement of the gear head as an additional operation after mounting the grinding worm and / or probing the grinding worm and / or after dressing the grinding worm and / or before grinding a workpiece of a series, in particular every grinding machining of a workpiece in a series. Accordingly, in particular the detection of breakouts in the area of the flight head of the worm gear can be easily integrated into existing program sequences of a machine tool in order to reduce the production of rejects.
    According to a further embodiment of the method, it is provided that the grinding worm has two or more gears, the worm gears being checked sequentially by carrying out a separate run of the traversing and measuring for each worm gear. I.e. in other words, that each worm gear is checked for defects on its own. After a first worm gear of the two or more-speed grinding worm has been run, a second and then, if available, all other worm gears are then driven with the dressing tool.
    The comparison of the characteristic signal with the reference signal can take place during and / or after the worm gear or the worm threads have been shut down.
    Exactly one characteristic signal can be detected, which is representative or characteristic of the contact between the dressing tool and the grinding worm when a worm gear head moves down.
    Alternatively, two or more characteristic signals can be detected, which are representative or characteristic of the contact between the dressing tool and the grinding worm when a worm gear head moves down.
    [0031] One, two or more characteristic signals can be selected from the list: contact force between the dressing roller and the grinding worm; relative displacement between the dressing roller and the grinding worm; absolute displacement of the dressing roller and / or the grinding worm structure-borne noise of the dressing roller and / or the grinding worm and / or a seat of the dressing roller and / or the grinding worm; Power consumption of a rotary drive of the grinding worm and / or the dressing roller. For each of these parameters, a maximum permissible deviation from a reference value can be defined, the amount of which exceeds an indication of one of the errors discussed here, namely breakouts at the gear head, an incorrect gear number or an incorrect gear direction.
    [0032] The dressing tool can be a disk-shaped dressing roller with a V-shaped or trapezoidal profile. In the case of a disk-shaped dressing roller with a V-shaped profile, there is essentially point contact between the grinding worm and the dressing tool while the worm gear is moving. In the case of a disk-shaped dressing roller with a trapezoidal profile, an essentially punctiform or linear contact can be formed between the grinding worm and the dressing tool while the worm gear is moving, depending on the inclination of the dressing tool.
    A further embodiment of the method is characterized in that the dressing tool is a multi-grooved dressing roller for simultaneously dressing a plurality of worm threads, wherein an axis of rotation of the multi-grooved dressing roller is oriented inclined relative to a rotational axis of the grinding worm when the gear head of the worm thread moves down. The inclination can ensure that only a region of the dressing roller, in particular an outer diameter of the multi-groove dressing roller or an outer diameter-side region of the dressing roller, is in contact with a single gear head, so that a defined movement of an individual gear head of a worm gear analogous to the scanning or The helical path of the gear head is traversed with a disk-shaped dressing roller. As far as further worm threads are available, these are sequentially, i.e. Traversed individually in separate overflows of the multi-groove dressing tool.
    [0034] The dressing tool can have a head dresser.
    According to a further embodiment of the method, it is provided that in the event that a deviation of the measured signal from the reference signal exceeds a predetermined, maximum deviation, or an evaluation of the signal, abnormalities such as local maxima, minima, interruptions or the like, shows one or more of the following steps are performed:<tb> - <SEP> Interruption of a program sequence before grinding a workpiece to be ground;<tb> - <SEP> information of an operator;<tb> - <SEP> adjusting a shift strategy for grinding processing;<tb> - <SEP> dressing the grinding worm.
    If a fault on the grinding worm or an incorrect number of gears or a wrong gear direction is detected, one or more measures can be taken to ensure the required quality for the subsequent grinding process.
    [0037] For example, the grinding worm can be replaced after the program sequence of the machine tool has been interrupted.
    If there is local damage to a worm gear, it can be provided that a shift strategy for a subsequent grinding process is adapted manually or automatically in such a way that the damaged area of the grinding worm does not come into engagement with the component to be ground, so that the workpiece quality is affected the damage to the grinding worm is not affected.
    [0039] The grinding worm can be dressed, for example, with an increased material removal in such a way that a detected damage is corrected.
    In the following, we will describe the invention in more detail with reference to a drawing that shows exemplary embodiments. Each shows schematically:<tb> Fig. 1 <SEP> a slow worm and a gear to be ground;<tb> Fig. 2 <SEP> a grinding worm and a dressing tool when driving down a neck passage;<tb> Fig. 3 <SEP> the grinding worm and the dressing tool from FIG. 2 in a further position;<tb> Fig. 4 <SEP> a multi-start grinding worm and a multi-groove dressing tool.
    Figure 1 shows a grinding worm 2 and a gear 4 to be ground. For fine machining of the tooth flanks 6 of the gear 4, the grinding worm 2 and the gear 4 perform a coupled generating grinding movement in a known manner.
    Before grinding the gear 4, the grinding worm 2 was dressed in order to produce a shaping profile 8 of the grinding worm. The profile 8 has a single worm gear 10 which is helically wound around a cylindrical central part 12 of the grinding worm.
    The worm gear 10 has a left flank 14, a right flank 16 and a gear head 18 connecting the flanks 14, 16. Like the flanks 14, 16, the gear head describes a helical around the cylindrical central part 12 and the axis of rotation R of the grinding worm 2 winding track.
    The method according to the invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
    A method for testing the dressable grinding worm 2 shown in FIG. 1 is carried out. For this purpose, the grinding worm 2 is first provided in a machine tool 20, in the present case it is a gear grinding machine.
    The machine tool 20 has a dressing tool 22 for dressing the grinding worm 2.
    To check the number of gears, the direction of the gear and the integrity of the gear head 18, the gear head 18 of the worm gear 10 is abutted in contact with an outer diameter of the dressing tool 22, in the present case an outer diameter side surface 24 of the dressing tool 22. This is, in particular, a continuous rolling of the substantially cylindrical outer surface 24 of the dressing tool 22 on the helical path surface that the gear head 18 describes.
    It goes without saying that, in addition to the trapezoidal profile of the dressing tool shown here, a dressing tool with a V-shaped or rounded profile can be used in accordance with alternative exemplary embodiments.
    The relative movement between the dressing tool 22 and the grinding worm 2 is indicated by the directional arrows. Thus, the disk-shaped dressing tool 22 and the grinding worm 2 rotate in opposite directions, the dressing tool 22 being moved axially along the pitch of the worm gear 18.
    During the movement of the gear head 18, signals are measured which are characteristic of the contact between the dressing tool and the gear head of the worm gear, namely a contact force, a displacement, a structure-borne noise and the power consumption of the drives.
    The contact force between the dressing tool 22 and the gear head 18 is measured during the movement of the gear head. If there is a sudden drop in the contact force because the dressing roller 22 rolls over damage 26, 28 of the gear head 18 (cf. FIG. 2), the damage 26 or 28 can be detected. For example, it can be specified that a deviation of +/- 10% of a specified target contact force, which forms the reference, triggers an error message or an interruption of a program run.
    Similarly, a target center distance between the axes of rotation, a target structure-borne noise during departure or a target power consumption of the axle drives can be used to form a reference for the departure of the gear head and deviations therefrom as an indication of damage to the Gear head.
    [0053] The measured signal is therefore compared with a reference described above in order to detect damage to the gear head.
    It is understood that the above parameters are equally suitable for detecting a faulty number or direction of the grinding worm for which a contact between the dressing roller and the grinding worm would break off completely, since the dressing roller has a predetermined target path of a target -Grinding worm geometry with correct gear direction and number of gear starts.
    The method is carried out fully automated in the present case, so that the steps shutdown, measurement and comparison, the number of flights of the grinding worm 2, the direction of the grinding worm 2 and the integrity of the gear head 18 of the worm gear 10 of the grinding worm 2 are checked automatically.
    The movement of the gear head 18 of the grinding worm 2 takes place in the present case as an additional operation after dressing the grinding worm 2 and before grinding a workpiece of a series of workpieces to be manufactured, in particular before each grinding machining of a workpiece of a series of workpieces to be manufactured.
    Fig. 4 shows a variant of the method according to the invention in which a grinding worm 30 has three gears 32, 34, 36, with a respective gear head 38, 40, 42. The worm threads 32, 34, 36 are checked sequentially here, in that for each worm thread 32, 34, 36 there is a separate run through the traversing and measuring.
    For this purpose, a dressing tool 44 is used, which is a multi-groove dressing roller 44 for the simultaneous dressing of the worm threads 32, 34, 36. An axis of rotation A of the multi-grooved dressing roller 44 is oriented inclined relative to the axis of rotation R of the grinding worm 30 when a respective gear head 38, 40, 42 of a respective worm gear 32 is being driven, wherein the moving of the gear head 38 of the worm gear 32 is shown here by way of example.
    Damage 46 of the gear head 40 of the worm gear 34 is therefore only recognized when the gear head 40 of the worm gear 34 is scanned or scanned in a separate overflow with the dressing tool 44, while the damage 48 of the gear head 38 of the worm gear 32 in the overflow of the dressing tool 44 along the helical path of the gear head 32 shown in FIG. 4 is recognized.
    In the event that for one of the grinding worms 2, 30 shown a deviation of the measured signal from the reference signal exceeds a predetermined, maximum deviation, one or more of the following steps are carried out in the present case: Interrupting a program sequence before grinding a grinding process Workpiece; Information of an operator; Adjusting a shift strategy for grinding processing; Dressing the grinding worm.
    Reference numerals
    2 grinding worm 4 gear 6 tooth flanks 8 shaping profile 10 worm gear 12 cylindrical middle part 14 left flank 14 16 right flank 18 gear head 20 machine tool 22 dressing tool 24 surface 26 damage 28 damage 30 grinding worm 32 gear 34 gear 36 gear 38 gear head of gear 32 40th Gear head of gear 34 42 Gear head of gear 36 44 Dressing tool 46 Damage to gear 34 48 Damage to gear 32 A axis of rotation R axis of rotation
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Procedure for testing a dressable grinding worm, with the following steps:- Providing a dressable grinding worm (2, 30) in a machine tool (20),- The grinding worm (2, 30) has at least one worm gear (10, 32, 34, 36) and- The machine tool (20) has a dressing tool (22, 44) for dressing the grinding worm (2, 30);- traversing a gear head (18, 38, 40, 42) of the worm gear (10, 32, 34, 36) in contact with an area (24) of the dressing tool (2, 44);- Measuring and evaluating at least one signal during the movement of the gear head (18, 38, 40, 42), which is responsible for the contact between the dressing tool (22, 44) and the gear head (18, 38, 40, 42) of the worm gear (10 , 32, 34, 36) is characteristic, such as a contact force, a displacement, a structure-borne noise, a power consumption of a drive or the like.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1,characterized in that- The gear head (18, 38, 40, 42) of the worm gear (10, 32, 34, 36) is moved down in contact with an area (24) of the dressing tool (2, 44) on the outside diameter.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2,characterized in that- The evaluation of at least one signal comprises a comparison of the signal with a reference signal.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,characterized in that- through the steps of departure, measurement and comparison,- the number of flights of the grinding worm (2, 30),- The direction of the grinding worm (2, 30) and- The integrity of the flight head (18, 38, 40, 42) of the worm gear (10, 32, 34, 36) of the grinding worm (2, 30)be checked automatically.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,characterized in that- The movement of the gear head (18, 38, 40, 42) as an additional operation after mounting the grinding worm (2, 30) and / or touching the grinding worm (2, 30) and / or after dressing the grinding worm (2, 30) and / or before grinding work on a workpiece in a series, in particular each grinding work on a workpiece in a series.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,characterized in that- The grinding worm (30) has two or more worm threads (32, 34, 36),- The screw flights (32, 34, 36) are checked sequentially, in that for each screw flight (32, 34, 36) there is a separate run of the shutdown and measurement.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,characterized in that- The dressing tool (22, 44) is a disk-shaped dressing roller with a V-shaped or trapezoidal profile.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,characterized in that- The dressing tool (44) is a multi-groove dressing roller (44) for simultaneously dressing several worm threads (32, 34, 36),- Wherein a rotation axis (A) of the multi-grooved dressing roller when the gear head (38, 40, 42) of the worm gear (32, 34, 36) is oriented inclined relative to a rotation axis (R) of the grinding worm (30).
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,characterized in that- In the event that a deviation of the measured signal from a reference signal exceeds a predetermined, maximum deviation, or an evaluation of the signal shows abnormalities such as local maxima, minima, interruptions or the like, one or more of the following steps are carried out:- Interrupting a program sequence before grinding a workpiece to be ground;- information of an operator;- Adjusting a shift strategy for grinding processing;- Dressing the grinding worm (2, 30).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE4004378C2|1990-02-13|1993-03-11|Horst Dr. 8530 Neustadt De Nahr|
    DE19626879A1|1996-07-04|1998-01-08|Hoefler Maschbau|Method for preventing overstress in workpiece or wheel during grinding|
    EP2774721B1|2013-03-05|2015-11-04|Klingelnberg AG|Method for determining topographical deviations of a dressing tool in a grinding machine, and grinding machine provided with same|
    CH713798A1|2017-05-19|2018-11-30|Reishauer Ag|Machine for fine machining of toothed workpieces and method for measuring parameters of a finishing tool.|
    DE102017121344A1|2017-09-14|2019-03-14|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method for automatically determining the geometric dimensions of a tool with a spiral-shaped machining area|
    法律状态:
    2020-10-30| PFUS| Merger|Owner name: KLINGELNBERG AG, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KLINGELNBERG AG, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018131915.0A|DE102018131915A1|2018-12-12|2018-12-12|Procedure for testing a dressable grinding worm|
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